OVERVIEW: The 53-56V is a Soviet export-version, submarine-launched, pattern-running heavyweight torpedo introduced in 1967. It was designed to engage surface ships using a preset zig-zag search pattern to improve hit probability.

DETAILS: The designation “53-56V” indicates a 53 cm diameter and model development starting in 1956, with the "V" suffix denoting its export variant. It was derived from the domestic 53-56 model and tailored for foreign navies operating Soviet-built submarines. The torpedo used a wet-heater propulsion system, had a pattern-running mechanism activated after a straight run, and was armed with a large high-explosive warhead with contact detonation. It had no homing capability and required accurate firing solutions and pattern settings before launch.

TYPE: Heavyweight pattern-running torpedo

FUNCTION: After initial straight travel, the 53-56V executes a programmed zig-zag search pattern to increase the chance of hitting maneuvering surface vessels. It detonates on contact and was intended for use in open-water attacks against convoy or naval surface targets.

NOTE:
IOC: 1956 (53-56), 1967 (53-56V)
Operators: India, Egypt, Algeria, Syria, Cuba, North Korea
Platforms: Foxtrot-class submarines (Project 641), Romeo-class submarines (Project 633)
Conflict used in: No publicly confirmed combat use

SOURCE:
Jane’s Underwater Warfare Systems ; Russian Naval Weapons Export Catalogue ; Federation of American Scientists (FAS): https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/weaps/index.html ; SIPRI Arms Transfers Database: https://armstrade.sipri.org ; Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapon Systems